INTRODUCTION : It is usually desirable for connecting a thermocouple probe, as part of quite an long circuit from the sensor itself to an online reference unit and/or measuring instrument. Yet, we would avoid the expense of high specification thermocouple cable on the long conduct. Connecting cheaper cable would be ideal but we should certainly do so without having to take particular care that temperature the place connection is made is known and taken in to account. When connecting thermocouples to instruments, might be essential that her cable is used, which has the same emf output as the thermocouple; otherwise spurious emf is generated at these junctions. Finest solution would be to use exact same holds true material even though the thermocouple (extension cable). A cheaper alternative might be to use compensating cables, the alloys that are more advanced than those belonging to the thermocouple but have you shouldn't output about a limited temperature range. Compensating and extension grades of wire are supplied in the bright-annealed disorder. For this to be possible, the thermo electrics properties within the additional conductor must not differ a great deal from people the thermocouple itself. Extension and compensating cable provide convenient, economic solution-each featuring its pros and cons. Extension cable uses wire of nominally the same conductor mainly because thermocouple itself, which thus inherently possess similar thermo power characteristics, and simply no connection factors. Miss-match error arising from high connecting box is actually likely to be able to relatively not so big. These cable are more cost-effective then thermocouple wire, organic foods cheap, so are usually manufactured in a convenient form to carry over long-distance typically as flexible wiring or multi-core cables. May possibly recommended for best accuracy. Compensating cables, on the additional hand are less precise, but cheap. They harness quite different relatively low cost alloy conductor materials, whose net thermocouple in question, but which not them as faithfully as do extension satellite tv. Thus, the combination develops similar output as those of the thermocouple, but the 801247 cell phone temperature range has to restricted aid keep miss-match error acceptably small. TECHNICAL CONCEPT:- The thermocouple wires, associated with different metals or alloys An and B, are joined together at one end H, called the (or measuring) junction, for the temperature T1. The other ends, CA and CB (the cold or reference junctions), are maintained at any constant reference temperature T0, usually even though necessarily 32F (0C). From the cold junctions, wires, usually of copper, lead to some voltmeter V at room temperature Tr. Due to the thermoelectric potential gradients being different along the wires An and B, there exists a potential difference between CA and CB. This could be measured by the voltmeter, providing CA and CB tend to be at the same temperature and the lead wires between CA and V and CB and V is the same (or that V set in the temperature T0, which unusual). Such a thermocouple will produce a thermoelectric emf between CA and CB which depends only upon the temperature difference T1 - T0. Thermocouple (Type designation) Materials B Platinum-30% rhodium/platinum-6% rhodium ENickel-chromium alloy/a copper-nickel alloy JIron/another slightly different copper-nickel alloy KNickel-chromium alloy/nickel-aluminum alloy R Platinum-13% rhodium/platinum SPlatinum-10% rhodium/platinum TCopper/a copper-nickel alloy INSULATION:- Insulation include with cable is: PVC TEFLON GLASS FIBER Silicone rubber: - Fire resistance mica cable: - PVC: It entails lower cost then other; it is used for the temperature range 30C to 105C. Is actually usually available in twisted, flat, &multi pair combination. Considerably more arrangement of options-with ripcord, PVC sheathed, screened, by using a copper wire drain, or steel wire armoured construction-the conductor itself being solid or stranded. TEFLON: It is used for high heat range 273C to 250C, or 300C for short time. It obtained in twisted, flat, & multi pair combination, however it is not steel wire armoured versions. It withstands attack from almost all known chemicals, oils & fluids. Through the cable is earned in extruded form and is therefore gas, steam & water tight which makes them most properly suited for application such as autoclaves or sterilizers. Glass fiber: It is used for higher temperature diversity. It handles till 50C to 400C, in some cases is certainly used almost 800C. Single and multi-pair varieties are sold in flat and twisted with possess the possible choices. Ceramic fiber cable are expended to 1400C which are compatible with use at normal air ambient temperature where it takes a prospect a hot spot, which can damage lower rated cables as Pvc. Silicon rubber: Excellent properties for the propagation of flame by in corporation of flame retardant silicon rubber natural elements. Suitable for situations where a genuine effort . a chance of fire. Created for application where, for short while of time, the temperature can fluctuate, which would cause other cable to become inflexible and brittle. Fire resistance mica cable: Resistance the temperature of 750C for a minimum of three hours in accordance with the flame test requirement. Important for situations where it is of strategic importance to make certain that the cable will continue to function throughout a major crisis-involving fire. The cable incorporates a high temperature rated MICA glass tape with a XLPE insulation on the cores and low smoke and fume material on top of the bedding and/ or outer sheath.Sheath material used is halogen free. Color-coding &specification: Extension lead & compensating cable are distinguished by color code and letters, to ease identification within the whole rounds. Although the code used always be different from country to country, standard color already been adopted these standard thermocouple. B S 4937 part 30(1993) provides standards of coding. In this there is no difference between extension & compensating cable-color codes. With compensating cable, the different alloy used is distinguished by KCA & KCB. Armoured flame retardant PVC:Armoured flame retardant PVC is tremendously useful in which there is a necessity to managed a number of thermocouple signals back to instrument. All cable incorporate insulated cores, bedding and overall sheath in flame retardant PVC, which has good properties for reduced propagation of flame. The mechanical properties of these cables satisfy the requirement of BS EN 60811:1995. Non-Armoured flame retardant PVC: Non Armoured flame retardant PVC is tremendously useful in which there is a desire to run a number of thermocouple signals back to instrument. All cable incorporate insulated cores, bedding and overall sheath in flame retardant PVC, which has good properties for over the propagation of flame. The mechanical properties of these cables satisfy the requirement of BS EN 60811:1995. RTD Cable:- RTD Cable are were accustomed to carry the RTD signals to the control room or field mounted devices. they get in three wire four wire for simplex and ; 6 to 8 wire for duplex RTD. The conductor normally useful RTD cable is Nickle Plated Copper (NPC) or Silver Plated Copper (SPC) or Bare Copper (BC). ARTICLE SOURCE:-http://www.compensatingcables.net