The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two different material conductors form a closed loop. When there is a temperature gradient at both ends, a current will flow through the loop. This is the so-called Seebeck effect. Homogeneous conductors with two different compositions are hot electrodes, the higher temperature end is the working end, the lower temperature end is the free end, and the free end is usually at a constant temperature. According to the functional relationship between thermoelectromotive force and temperature, a thermocouple graduation table is made; the graduation table is obtained under the condition that the temperature of the free end is at 0°C, and different thermocouples have different graduation tables. When the third metal material is connected to the thermocouple loop, as long as the temperature of the two junctions of the material is the same, the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple will remain unchanged, that is, it will not be affected by the third metal being connected to the loop. Therefore, when measuring the temperature of the thermocouple, the measuring instrument can be connected, and the temperature of the measured medium can be known after measuring the thermoelectromotive force. When a thermocouple measures temperature, the temperature of its cold end (the measuring end is the hot end, and the end connected to the measuring circuit through the lead wire is called the cold end) is required to remain unchanged, and its thermoelectric potential is proportional to the measured temperature. If the (ambient) temperature of the cold end changes during measurement, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. Taking certain measures at the cold junction to compensate for the influence caused by the temperature change of the cold junction is called the cold junction compensation of the thermocouple is normal. Special compensation wire for connecting with measuring instrument.
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