Iron-copper-nickel (J type), also known as iron-constantan thermocouple, is also a cheap metal thermocouple. The nominal chemical composition of its positive electrode (JP) is pure iron, and the negative electrode (JN) is a copper-nickel alloy, which is often vaguely called constantan. Its nominal chemical composition is: 55% copper, 45% nickel, and a small amount But very important elements such as manganese, cobalt, iron, etc., although it is called constantan, it is different from the constantan of nickel-chromium-constantan and copper-constantan, so EN and TN cannot be used to replace it. The coverage measurement temperature range of the iron-constantan thermocouple is -200~1200℃, but the temperature range usually used is 0~750℃. The platinum rhodium thermocouple has good linearity, large thermoelectromotive force, high sensitivity, and stability. The advantages of good uniformity and low price are widely used by users. Platinum-rhodium thermocouples can be used in vacuum, oxidation, reduction and inert atmospheres, but the positive electrode iron oxidizes faster at high temperatures, so the use temperature is limited, and it cannot be used directly and unprotected in a vulcanizing atmosphere at high temperatures. 1. The temperature range of platinum rhodium-platinum thermocouple is 630.74~1064.43℃ 2. The temperature range of nickel-chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple is 0~900℃ 3. The temperature range of tungsten-rhenium thermocouple is 300~2000℃ 4. Nickel-chromium- Constantan thermocouple temperature measurement range 0~600℃ 5. Copper-constantan thermocouple temperature measurement range -200~100℃ S-type thermocouple has high accuracy in thermocouple series, good stability, temperature measurement Wide area, long service life and other advantages. It has good physical and chemical properties, thermoelectric potential stability and good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and is suitable for oxidizing and inert atmospheres. Due to the excellent comprehensive performance of the S-type thermocouple, the S-type thermocouple, which is in line with the international temperature scale, has been used as an interpolating instrument for the international temperature scale for a long time. Although the rules of 'ITS-90' will no longer be used as an internal inspection instrument for the international temperature scale in the future, However, the International Temperature Advisory Committee (CCT) believes that the S-type thermocouple can still be used to approximate the international temperature scale. 1. Features of thermocouple 2. Detection (temperature measurement) component Thermocouple is one of the most commonly used temperature detection components in the industry. It must be equipped with a secondary instrument, its advantages are: 3. ①High measurement accuracy. Because the thermocouple is in direct contact with the measured object, it is not affected by the intermediate medium. 4. ②Wide measuring range. Commonly used thermocouples can measure continuously from -50 to +1600°C. Some special thermocouples can measure as low as -269°C (such as gold, iron, nickel, chromium), and can reach +2800°C (such as tungsten-rhenium). 5. ③Simple structure and convenient use. Thermocouples are usually composed of two different metal wires, and are not limited by size and beginning, and there is a protective sleeve outside, which is very convenient to use. 6. Platinum-rhodium thermocouple selection. 7. According to the temperature measurement range and accuracy, select the thermocouple with the corresponding graduation number. 8. When the operating temperature is between 1300 and 1800 ℃ and the accuracy is relatively high, the B type thermocouple is generally selected; The accuracy is not high, and the atmosphere allows the use of tungsten-rhenium thermocouples. Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples are generally used when the temperature is higher than 1800℃; the use temperature is 1000~1300℃ and the accuracy is relatively high. S-type thermocouples and N-type thermocouples can be used; at 1000℃ N type thermocouples are generally used below, and E type thermocouples are generally used below 400°C; T type thermocouples are generally used for measurement at 250°C and negative temperature. T type thermocouples are stable and have high accuracy at low temperatures.
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