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Thermocouple head

The working principle and structure of thermocouple

by:JVTIA     2022-01-23
1. What is a thermocouple? A thermocouple is one of the commonly used temperature detection components in the industry. The operating principle of a thermocouple is based on the Seeback effect, that is, two conductors with different components are connected into a loop, such as the temperature of two junctions. Different, the physical phenomenon of thermal current occurs in the loop. 2. The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement Thermocouple is a kind of temperature sensing element, it is a primary surface, it directly measures the temperature, and converts the temperature signal into a thermoelectromotive force signal, and then through the electrical surface (secondary surface) into the measured medium temperature. The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two conductors of different components form a closed loop. When there is a temperature gradient at both ends, there will be a current passing through the loop. At this moment, there is an electromotive force between the two ends-thermoelectromotive force, which is the so-called Seebeck effect. Two homogeneous conductors with different components are thermoelectrodes. The end with a higher temperature is the working end, and the end with a lower temperature is the free end. The free end is generally at a certain constant temperature. According to the functional relationship between thermoelectromotive force and temperature, a thermocouple index table is made; the index table is obtained when the free end temperature is 0℃, and different thermocouples have different index tables. When the third metal material is connected to the thermocouple circuit, as long as the temperature of the two contacts of the material is the same, the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple will remain unchanged, that is, it will not be affected by the third metal in the circuit . Therefore, when the thermocouple measures the temperature, it can be connected to the measuring surface, and after the thermoelectromotive force is measured, the temperature of the measured medium can be known. When there is a temperature difference between the two attachment points 1 and 2 of the conductors A and B, an electromotive force occurs between the two, thus forming a large and small current in the loop. This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect. Thermocouples use this effect to work. Two conductors of different components (called thermocouple wires or thermoelectrodes) are connected at both ends to form a circuit. When the temperature of the junction is different, an electromotive force will occur in the circuit. This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect, and this electromotive force It is called thermoelectric potential. Thermocouples use this principle to measure temperature, during which the end that is directly used to measure the temperature of the medium is called the working end (also called the measuring end), and the other end is called the cold end (also called the compensation end); The appearance or matching appearance is connected, and the appearance will point out the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple. A thermocouple is actually a kind of energy converter, which converts heat energy into electrical energy, and uses the generated thermoelectric potential to measure the temperature. For the thermoelectric potential of the thermocouple, you should pay attention to the following issues: 1: The thermoelectric potential of the thermocouple is thermoelectric The difference in the temperature function between the two ends of the thermocouple, not the function of the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermocouple; 2: The size of the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple. When the thermocouple data is uniform, it has nothing to do with the length and diameter of the thermocouple, but only with the thermoelectric The composition of the couple material is related to the temperature difference between the two ends; 3: When the composition of the two thermocouple wires of the thermocouple is determined, the size of the thermoelectric potential of the thermocouple is only related to the temperature difference of the thermocouple; if the temperature of the cold junction of the thermocouple remains constant , The thermoelectric potential of this thermocouple is only a single-valued function of the working end temperature.
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