The development of modern thermometer know how much?

Scale is not unified the development course to introduce the thermometer before, that you have a curious after scale unified history of the thermometer? Let the instrument to satisfy your curiosity! In 1743, France's Christine in Lyon, restructuring the thermometer, such as hughes taken this closer to the modern thermometers. In 1782, hicks invented & other; Maximum and minimum thermometer & throughout; Daniel & bull; Rutherford made improvement in 1794. In 1782, the British wei their respective siegel and Germany invented the determination of flame temperature or temperature with a thermometer, the latter invention called siegel pyrometric cone. 1821 - In 1822, German seebeck discovered thermoelectric ( Thermoelectric) Sequence, temperature difference electromotive force phenomenon, put forward to realize which can be made thermocouple is thermocouple to measure temperature. The thermocouple emerged in 1830, it can also detect infrared. Choose appropriate conductor or semiconductor thermoelectric materials, can measure a wide temperature range ( Such as - 50 - +1600℃） , if use special thermocouple materials, can expand to more - 180 - 2000 ℃, which is obviously alcohol silver living water thermometer. In 1857, the Russian A, & bull. F• Sven the belgae invented differential thermometer ( By one by blackening of copper in the measuring bridge of spiral) 。 In 1860, German William & bull; Siemens invented telemetry type resistance thermometer, in 1869 he for it with a measuring probe, a sodium higher temperature can be obtained. In the early 1860 s, a British doctor Albert invented the kind of thermometer is still in use, its biggest characteristic is to have a particularly narrow, thin tube thermometer measured body left after mercury interrupt and mercury is not fall in the narrow place, can leisurely read the temperature. In 1881, langley brought blackening of platinum made bolometer thermal element ( Or resistance bolometer) Measuring the radiant heat. Next, with a thermometer new varieties constantly emerging. For example, optical pyrometer ( Measuring high temperature above 600 ℃) , photometer ( To measure surface temperature) , infrared microscopy ( As small as 10 - Point temperature of 100 microns) The semiconductor cables agents, The temperature of the measuring point) , quartz vibrator thermometer ( But low temperature to 250, the temperature between measurement precision, high) Of more than 100000 high temperature, average temperature measuring method is powerless. At this moment, want to use the atomic spectrum line and the relationship between temperature to calculate the temperature.