Thermocouple knowledge - Classification and usage) _ instrument

Commonly used thermocouple could be divided into two types: standard thermocouple and non-standard thermocouple. Standard thermocouple used refers to the thermoelectric potential of national standard and the relationship between temperature, permissible error, and a unified standard score table of thermocouple, it has with matching display instrument to choose from. Non-standard thermocouple or on the order of magnitude less than the range using standardized thermocouple, generally no unified indexing table, mainly used for the measurement of some special occasions. Standardized thermocouple since January 1, 1988 in our country, the thermocouple and thermocouple were manufactured according to IEC international standard, and specify the S, B, E, K, R, J, T seven standardization thermocouple type thermocouple for our country unified design. Thermocouple is a temperature sensing element, is a kind of instrument. It directly measuring the temperature and the temperature signals into a thermoelectric emfs, through electrical instrument ( Secondary instrument) Convert the temperature of the measured medium. Thermocouple temperature measurement is the basic principle of two kinds of different ingredients of closed loop conductor material composition, when when there is a temperature gradient at both ends, loop will have an electric current passes through, the existed between the electromotive force on both ends - — Thermoelectric emf, this is the so-called seebeck effect ( Seebeckeffect) 。 Two different components of homogeneous conductor electrode as heat, the temperature is higher for work at the end of the end, one end of the low temperature as the free end, usually free end under a constant temperature. According to the thermoelectric emf as a function of temperature, the thermocouple indexing table; Indexing table is free end temperature at 0 ℃, under the condition of different thermocouples with different indexing table. Access in the thermocouple loop when the third metal material, the two contacts at the same temperature as long as the material, produced by the thermocouple thermoelectric is set to remain the same, which is not affected by the third metal access in the loop. Therefore, when the thermocouple temperature measurement, can be connected to the measuring instrument, measured after the thermoelectric emfs, can know the temperature of the measured medium. Thermocouple measuring temperature to the cold end ( Measure the end for the hot end, by the end of the lead connected to the measurement circuit is called cold junction) Temperature remains constant, the size of thermoelectric potential and measured temperature in certain proportion relationship. When measuring, the cold end ( Environment) Temperature changes, will seriously affect the accuracy of measurement. Take action at the cold end compensation due to the impact of the cold end temperature change is called the thermocouple cold junction compensation is normal. Attachment: thermocouple cold junction compensation calculation method: from millivolt to temperature: measure the cold end temperature and conversion for the corresponding millivolt values, millivolt values with thermocouple, the temperature conversion. From the temperature to the millivolt: measure the actual temperature and the cold end temperature and conversion for millivolt values, respectively, after subtracting the millivolt values, quick temperature.