Why not water thermometer in the filling of liquid?

Various kinds of temperature, the most common is mercury, alcohol, kerosene thermometer, these are named according to the temperature measurement of liquid in the thermometer. And the work principle is the same, it is a liquid heat bilges cold shrink. At this time someone will question, water is the most common liquid, water as the measured liquid thermometer: why not? What are the specific reasons? Small make up is simple for you said it. The first is the melting point and boiling point, in the standard state of the melting point of water ( Freezing point) Is 0 ℃, the boiling point of water is 100 ℃. So if use thermometer to measure the temperature of water, under 0 ℃ in winter, hardened into ice water, you can't measure; When the temperature reached 100 ℃ water is boiling, although due to the tube increases with the increase of water vapor pressure, the boiling point of water but the water volume expansion and increase the proportion of the steam pressure relationship is complex, not a proportional relationship, so can't use its measuring l00 ℃ temperature above. So is the water as the liquid in the thermometer, the best possible measurement range is 0 100 ℃, the range is a little small, can't measure or above 100 ℃ below zero temperature. The second is the cause of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the thermal expansion coefficient of water to 2. 1× 10-3 / ℃, the temperature changes, because the water of the expansion coefficient is small, so the scale of water distance is small, not only bring convenience for measurement and reading, and can measure temperature changes smaller values. The third is the cause of the specific heat, specific heat capacity of water is 4. 2× 103J/( kg• ℃) With water thermometer effects on the temperature of the object to be tested is big, long reach thermal equilibrium; When measuring small objects, the material to be measured water thermometer, the temperature measurement is not accurate. The fourth because water has abnormal phenomenon, when water in more than 4 ℃, the same as the general material is heat bilges cold shrink, but when the water is between 0 ℃ and 4 ℃ heat bilges cold shrink, and this heat bilges cold shrink coefficient with different heat bilges cold shrink. Because of the particularity of water, when it comes to measuring the 0 4 ℃ material when the temperature of the measured result is inaccurate. Can be seen from the above four o 'clock, the thermometer can't hold water, there are a variety of reasons, although other thermometer is limited, but a lot better than the thermometer is relative to the water.